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Euler's Investigations on the Roots of Equations

This is a translation of and discussion of an article of Leonhard Euler in which he attempts to prove the fundamental theorem of algebra. In addition, he discusses in detail his understanding of the nature of complex numbers.

Mathematical Treasure: The Quipu

A collection of illustrations of Inca quipus, with references to their earliest descriptions.

Using Historical Problems in the Middle School

Historical Problems can be used to enliven any mathematics class. Here are some examples from medieval times, from a 19th century American textbook, and from a 19th century Armenian textbook, among other sources.

Benjamin Franklin's Numbers: An Unsung Mathematical Odyssey

A thorough study of Benjamin Franklin's mathematical accomplishments, in particular his work on magic squares.

Pyramid Calculation

Given a pyramid 300 cubits high, with a square base 500 cubits to a side, determine the distance from the center of any side of the base to the apex.

Animal Customs

A fox, a wild-cat, and a hound pass through customs and together pay 111 coins.

Making Arrows

In one day, a person can make 30 arrows or fletch [put the feathers on] 20 arrows.

A Game of Cat and Mouse

A mouse is at the top of a poplar tree 60 braccia high, and a cat is on the ground at its foot. The mouse descends 1/2 a braccia a day and at night it turns back 1/6 of a braccia.

Tomato Can

A cylindrical tin tomato can is to be made which shall have a given capacity. Find what should be the ratio of the height to the radius of the base that the smallest possible amount of tin shall be required.

Guidelines for Convergence Authors

Instructions that apply to Convergence but not necessarily to other areas of Loci