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The edge of a cloud is at an altitude of 20 degrees and the sun above it at 35 degrees. The shadow cast by the edge of the cloud fall on a object 2300 yards away, how high is the cloud?

Sum of Squares

There are two numbers which are to each other as 5 and 6 and the sum of their squares is 2196. What are the numbers?

University Payment Plan

A merchant gave a university 2,814 ducats on the understanding that he was to be paid back 618 ducats per year for 9 years, at the end of which the 2,814 ducats should be considered as paid.

Equations from God: Pure Mathematics and Victorian Faith

A study of Victorian idealism and its relation to religion, as exemplified in the work of three 19th century British mathematicians.

An Introduction to the History of Mathematics

Howard Eves' sixth edition is still worth considering for a textbook.

Difference of Squares

Having been given the sum of two numbers, a, and the difference of their squares, b, find the numbers.

Coins

A boy gives 11 coins of equal denomination to a man, and the man finds that their total value in yen is 4 less than his age.

Servois' 1814 Essay on the Principles of the Differential Calculus, with an English Translation

The authors provide an analysis and English translation of the argument by a little known French mathematician that calculus should be based on series rather than on infinitesimals.

The Magic Squares of Manuel Moschopoulos

A translation from the original Greek of a manuscript on magic squares by the Byzantine scholar Manuel Moschopoulos, written about 1315

Chuquet's Rule of Average Numbers

Prove Chuquet's rule of average numbers.