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Problems from Another Time

Individual problems from throughout mathematics history, as well as articles that include problem sets for students.

In a circle whose circumference is 60 units, a chord is drawn forming a segment whose sagitta is 2 units. What is the length of the chord?
Given a right triangle where you know the length of the base and the sum of the perpendicular side and the hypotenuse...
 
A circle, a square and an equilateral triangle all have the same perimeter equal to 1 meter. Compare their areas.
Find two numbers, x and y, such that their sum is 10 and x/y + y/x = 25
What is the perpendicular height of a cloud when its angles of elevation were 35 degrees and 64 degrees as taken by two observers?
Now there are 100 deer [being distributed] in a city. If one household has one deer there is a remainder...Find the number of households in the city.
On a day in spring a boy has gathered cherry blossoms under a cherry tree. Nearby a poet is reading some of his poems aloud. As he reads, the boy counts out the cherry blossoms, one blossom for each word of a poem.
A certain merchant increases the value of his estate by 1/3...
A father wills his estate valued at $40,000 to his three children. Before the settlement one of the children dies. What should the other two receive?
Given a pyramid 300 cubits high, with a square base 500 cubits to a side, determine the distance from the center of any side of the base to the apex.

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