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The edge of a cloud is at an altitude of 20 degrees and the sun above it at 35 degrees. The shadow cast by the edge of the cloud fall on a object 2300 yards away, how high is the cloud?

Sum of Squares

There are two numbers which are to each other as 5 and 6 and the sum of their squares is 2196. What are the numbers?

Long Time to Fill the Tub

A water tub holds 73 gallons; the pipe which fills it usually admits 7 gallons in 5 minutes; and the tap discharges 20 gallons in 17 minutes.

Cow Dilemma

Suppose that for every 4 cows a farmer has, he should plow 1 acre of land, and allow 1 acre of pasture for every 3 cows; how many cows could he keep on 140 acres?

An Introduction to the History of Mathematics

Howard Eves' sixth edition is still worth considering for a textbook.

Difference of Squares

Having been given the sum of two numbers, a, and the difference of their squares, b, find the numbers.

Coins

A boy gives 11 coins of equal denomination to a man, and the man finds that their total value in yen is 4 less than his age.

Servois' 1814 Essay on the Principles of the Differential Calculus, with an English Translation

The authors provide an analysis and English translation of the argument by a little known French mathematician that calculus should be based on series rather than on infinitesimals.

The Magic Squares of Manuel Moschopoulos

A translation from the original Greek of a manuscript on magic squares by the Byzantine scholar Manuel Moschopoulos, written about 1315

Chuquet's Rule of Average Numbers

Prove Chuquet's rule of average numbers.