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Preface; Introduction
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| I. Some older views |
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1. Plato's account |
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2. Some views of Aristotle |
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3. Leibniz's philosophy of mathematics |
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4. Kant: some of his views |
| II. Mathematics as Logic: Exposition |
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1. The programme |
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2. The logic of truth-functions |
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3. On the logic of classes |
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4. On the logic of quantification |
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5. On logicist systems |
| III. Mathematics as Logic: Criticism |
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1. The ligicist account of logic |
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2. The logist conflation of empirical and non-empirical concepts |
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3. The logicist theory of mathematical infinity |
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4. The logicist account of geometry |
| IV. Mathematics as the Science of Formal Systems: Exposition |
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1. The programme |
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2. Finite methods and infinite totalities |
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3. Formal systems and formalizations |
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4. Some results of metamathematics |
| V. Mathematics as the Science of Formal Systems: Criticism |
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1. The formalist account of pure mathematics |
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2. The formalist account of applied mathematics |
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3. The concept of actual infinity |
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4. The formalist conception of logic |
| VI. Mathematics as the Activity of Intuitive Constructions: Exposition |
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1. The programme |
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2. Intuitionist mathematics |
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3. Intuitionist logic |
| VII. Mathematics as the Activity of Intuitive Constructions: Criticism |
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1. Mathematical theorems as reports on intuitive constructions |
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2. Intuitionism and the logical status of applied mathematics |
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3. The intuitionist conception of mathematical infinity |
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4. Interrelations between formalism and intuitionism |
| VIII. The nature of pure and applied mathematics |
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1. Exact and inexact concepts |
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2. Pure mathematics disconnected from perception |
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3. Mathematical existence-propositions |
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4. The nature of applied mathematics |
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5. Mathematics and philosophy |
| Appendix A. On the classical theory of real numbers |
| Appendix B. Some suggestions for further reading |
| Index |